An update in the management of malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of cutaneous malignancies [1] . It is classified as cutaneous melanoma and non-cutaneous melanoma based on the location of the lesion. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is a predisposing factor for cutaneous melanoma, although in other forms such as mucous and anorectal malignant melanomas, ultraviolet radiation does not play a significant role. Human papilloma virus and human retroviral infections are commonly associated with non-cutaneous melanomas [2] . Recent studies also suggested that there is an association between alcohol intake and the development of melanoma in ultraviolet spared area. This association is stronger in UV-spared areas compared to UV-exposed areas [3] . There are no proven studies as to whether vitamin D deficiency could cause cutaneous melanoma; however, studies do reveal that adjuvant vitamin D can be used to reduce tumor burden in melanoma [4] .